6 hours agoShareSaveFarouk ChothiaShareSaveAFP via Getty ImagesThe US ambassador to the UN has accused Rwanda of leading Africa’s Great Lakes region toward war, just over a week after a peace deal was signed in Washington to end the decades-long conflict. US President Donald Trump Trump hailed the deal between DR Congo’s President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwanda’s President Paul Kagame as “historic” and “a great day for Africa, great day for the world”.But the M23 rebel group says it has “fully liberated” the key city of Uvira in an offensive the US and European powers say is backed by Rwanda. UN experts have previously accused it of having “de facto control” of the rebel force’s operations. Rwanda denies the allegations, however, its presence in Washington was a tacit acknowledgment of its influence over the M23.The rebels were not signatories to Trump’s deal – and have been taking part in a parallel peace process led by Qatar, a US ally.The latest fighting risks further escalating an already deeply complex conflict.Why did the M23 seize Uvira now?Prof Jason Stearns, a Canada-based political scientist who specialises in the region, told the BBC that the view in M23 circles was that “they need more leverage in the negotiations”, while the feeling in the Rwandan government is that Tshisekedi cannot be trusted.He added that the assault on Uvira, in South Kivu province, “flies in the face of all the negotiations that are under way”.”It appears to humiliate the US government. I’m not sure what strategic purpose that would serve,” Prof Stearns told the BBC. The M23’s new offensive in South Kivu started a few days before Kagame and Tshisekedi flew to Washington last week to ratify the agreement first hammered out in June.Bram Verelst, a Burundi-based researcher with the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) think-tank, said the assault appeared to be an attempt to force Burundi to withdraw the troops it had in eastern DR Congo backing the army against the rebel forces and Rwanda.He pointed out that Uvira – which lies just 27km (17 miles) from Burundi’s capital, Bujumbura, on the northern tip of Lake Tanganyika – was of strategic importance because of the presence of at least 10,000 Burundian troops in South Kivu.”Uvira is Burundi’s gateway into eastern DR Congo, to send troops and supplies. That has now been cut off,” Mr Verelst told the BBC. “It seems that many Burundian troops are withdrawing, but it’s not clear if all contingents will retreat,” he added. Yale Ford, an Africa Analyst for the Critical Threats Project at the American Enterprise Institute, pointed out that Uvira, which had a population of about 700,000, was the DR Congo government’s last major foothold and military hub in South Kivu. He added that the M23 was now likely to establish a parallel administration in the city, and use its military gains “as a bargaining chip in peace talks”.As for the DR Congo government, it has not acknowledged its latest military setback, but says that the “gravity of the situation is compounded by the now proven risk of regional conflagration”. What does it mean for Burundi?Burundi has been a natural ally of DR Congo for years because of its enmity with Rwanda.Both accuse the other of backing rebel groups seeking to overthrow their respective governments.The neighbours share a similar language and ethnic make-up – with Tutsi and Hutu communities often vying for power – and both have suffered terrible ethnic-based massacres.But unlike Rwanda, which is headed by a Tutsi president, the majority Hutus are in power in Burundi.Burundi’s government fears that if the M23 cements its presence in South Kivu, it would strengthen a Burundian rebel group called Red Tabara.Based in South Kivu, it is mainly made up of Tutsis – and has attacked Burundi in the past. In an apparent attempt to placate Burundi’s fears, the M23 said it had “no sights beyond our national borders”.”Our fight has the objective of peace, the protection of the population, the rebuilding of the state in DR Congo, as well as the stability of the Great Lakes region,” the group added. Burundi has shut its border with DR Congo, but, according to Mr Verelst, it is still allowing people to cross into its territory after carrying out security checks. Aid agencies say that about 50,000 people have fled into Burundi in the past week.Burundian troops – along with the Congolese army and allied militias – fought to block the rebel advance towards Uvira, but the city itself fell “without much fighting”, Mr Verelst said.The fall of Uvira would hit Burundi’s already struggling economy as the country has been suffering from a severe shortage of foreign currency and fuel, and had been heavily dependent on eastern DR Congo for both, he said.How did the M23 manage to capture Uvira?The M23 began a major advance earlier this year when it captured Goma, the capital of North Kivu province, on the border with Rwanda.At the time, South African troops were deployed to help DR Congo’s army, but they were forced to withdraw after the M23 seized the city in January.Shortly afterwards the rebels captured the next big city in eastern DR Congo, Bukavu, capital of South Kivu.The move on Uvira came after the rebels broke the defence lines of the DR Congo army, militias allied with it and Burundian troops.Prof Stearns said the M23 was estimated to have more than 10,000 fighters, but there was likely to have been an “influx” of Rwandan troops for the recent offensive to capture Uvira. “The reason why they are able to defeat their ene …
