During Operation Lunar Peek in November 2024, attackers gained unauthenticated remote admin access — and eventual root — across more than 13,000 exposed Palo Alto Networks management interfaces. Palo Alto Networks scored CVE-2024-0012 at 9.3 and CVE-2024-9474 at 6.9 under CVSS v4.0. NVD scored the same pair 9.8 and 7.2 under CVSS v3.1. Two scoring systems. Two different answers for the same vulnerabilities. The 6.9 fell below patch thresholds. Admin access appeared required. The 9.3 sat queued for maintenance. Segmentation would hold.”Adversaries circumvent [severity ratings] by chaining vulnerabilities together,” Adam Meyers, SVP of Counter Adversary Operations at CrowdStrike, told VentureBeat in an exclusive interview on April 22, 2026. On the triage logic that missed the chain: “They just had amnesia from 30 seconds before.”Both CVEs sit on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. Neither score flagged the kill chain. The triage logic that consumed those scores treated each CVE as an isolated event, and so did the SLA dashboards and the board reports those dashboards feed.CVSS did exactly what it was designed to do. Score one vulnerability at a time. The problem is that adversaries do not attack one vulnerability at a time.”CVSS base scores are theoretical measures of severity that ignore real-world context,” wrote Peter Chronis, former CISO of Paramount and a security leader with Fortune 100 experience. By moving beyond CVSS-first prioritization at Paramount, Chronis reported reducing actionable critical and high-risk vulnerabilities by 90%. Chris Gibson, executive director of FIRST, the organization that maintains CVSS, has been equally direct: using CVSS base scores alone for prioritization is “the least apt and accurate” method, Gibson told The Register. FIRST’s own EPSS and CISA’s SSVC decision model address part of this gap by adding exploitation probability and decision-tree logic. Five triage failure classes CVSS was never designed to catchIn 2025, 48,185 CVEs were disclosed, a 20.6% year-over-year increase. Jerry Gamblin, principal engineer at Cisco Threat Detection and Response, projects 70,135 for 2026. The infrastructure behind the scores …
