South Africa is witnessing a dangerous escalation of anti-migrant sentiment. In recent months, vigilante groups have marched through communities, businesses have been targeted, and migrants have increasingly been blamed for crime, unemployment and the collapse of public services.The anger felt by many South Africans is real. Millions face daily hardship. Unemployment remains among the highest in the world. Poverty and hunger stalk working-class communities. Young people struggle to find work. Public services are under immense strain. Entire communities feel abandoned by political leaders who promised a better life but have failed to deliver.But while the anger is understandable, it is misdirected.Migrants did not create South Africa’s unemployment crisis. They did not cause the collapse of local government. They did not deindustrialise the economy. They did not cut public spending, close factories, privatise public services, weaken labour protections or allow corruption to flourish.The roots of South Africa’s multiple crises run much deeper. The country’s extreme inequality is the product of centuries of colonial dispossession, racial capitalism and apartheid exploitation. The democratic breakthrough of 1994 ended political apartheid, but it did not fundamentally transform the economic structures that continue to concentrate wealth, land and economic power in the hands of a small minority.Today, millions of Sou …
