An Essential Media poll commissioned by the Census – Not Religious? Mark No Religion campaign has found significant differences in how Australians report their religious affiliation depending on the census question format used.
When respondents were presented with the current census format—selecting from a list that includes common religions, “no religion,” and “other”—43% chose “no religion.” However, when given a yes/no question first asking whether they have a religion, followed by a text box for those answering affirmatively, 54% selected “no religion.” The campaign group argues this discrepancy suggests the existing format overstates religious affiliation in Australia and understates the number of people without religion.
The survey tested two separate groups of more than 2,000 adults each. In the first group using the existing format, 55% selected a religion and 43% selected “no religion,” with 2% not answering. In the second group with the alternative format, 43% said they did have a religion, while 54% did not, with 4% not answering. Among adults aged 18-34, religious affiliation was reported at 34%, while among those with university education it reached 50% in the second group.
The religion question has been a longstanding point of discussion in Australia’s census process. At the 2021 census, approximately 39% of respondents selected “no religion,” while 43.9% identified as Christian, which remained the most common religion. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has noted a steady decline in Christianity over the past 50 years, with rising numbers among those of other faiths or no religion.
The ABS considered changing the question format after the 2021 census but ultimately declined to do so, citing concerns that modifications would prevent data comparison with previous censuses. The bureau consulted with both religious and secular organizations and stated it could not design a question meeting all identified needs while maintaining historical comparability. For the 2026 census scheduled for August 11, the ABS has made adjustments including reordering categories and refining instructions, but has not altered the fundamental question format. Campaign organizers indicated they are now focusing their efforts on potential changes for the 2031 census.
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