As multiple heatwaves sweep across the UK, some sauna facilities are promoting their services as a potential tool for managing extreme heat. The UK Health Security Agency has issued heat health alerts across much of England following what researchers describe as western Europe’s hottest June on record. Community sauna operators report that after initial booking declines during peak heat, reservations have rebounded, particularly at facilities offering both saunas and cold plunges.
Research into heat adaptation suggests that regular exposure to high temperatures could train the body to handle heat stress more effectively. Prof Jari Laukkanen from the University of Eastern Finland notes that repeated heat exposure triggers physiological changes including earlier sweating, improved blood circulation to the skin, increased plasma volume and reduced strain on the cardiovascular system. Dr Jessica Mee of the University of Worcester is conducting studies on whether regular hot water immersion improves heat tolerance, finding that heat-acclimated individuals typically hydrate more consistently and recognize warning signs of heat stress earlier.
However, experts caution that heat adaptation has significant limitations. Dr Heather Massey of the University of Portsmouth emphasizes that the physiological benefits depend heavily on the body’s capacity to increase sweating and skin blood flow, meaning not all individuals will experience equal benefits. Additionally, certain groups including those with acute illness, fever, unstable angina or recent heart attacks should avoid heat exposure without medical clearance.
Critically, researchers stress that heat training requires sustained commitment, typically involving 40–60 minutes of daily exposure for at least four to six days, with benefits lasting approximately one week. More importantly, experts distinguish between long-term heat adaptation and acute heat protection. Laukkanen states there is currently limited evidence that sauna use during an active heatwave prevents heat-related illness, while Mee emphasizes that heat acclimation functions as a preparation strategy during mild periods rather than a coping mechanism during peak heat.
During extreme heat events, Mee cautions against sauna use, explaining that adding thermal stress to a body already experiencing sleep deprivation, dehydration and cumulative cardiovascular strain increases heat illness risk. She also notes that sauna studies occur in controlled, supervised environments unlike unsupervised home use. Laukkanen recommends following established public health guidance including hydration, activity modification and protection of vulnerable populations as the priority during heatwaves.
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