The Trump administration is pursuing an expanded military campaign across Latin America, moving from aerial strikes against suspected drug-trafficking vessels to ground-based joint operations with allied nations. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth announced during a recent visit to Panama that Colombia, Guatemala, and Honduras had agreed to host U.S. forces for coordinated missions against criminal organizations, building on similar operations launched with Ecuador in March. Guatemala has disputed claims of such an agreement, stating that congressional approval would be required for any joint operations.
This escalation represents a significant shift in Washington’s approach to the region. Since returning to office in January 2025, the Trump administration has designated 20 Latin American criminal groups as foreign terrorist organizations and overseen military operations that have resulted in over 200 deaths across more than 60 boat strikes in Caribbean and eastern Pacific waters. The administration has also conducted operations in Venezuela and coordinated with intelligence agencies in Mexico. Critics and regional analysts express concern about the legality and effectiveness of the strikes, noting that limited evidence has been provided to demonstrate that those targeted were engaged in terrorist activities.
The expansion reflects broader U.S. efforts to assert influence across the Western Hemisphere, leveraging increased support for Trump-aligned leaders in the region. However, observers warn that sustained combat operations on the ground present new legal and diplomatic complications, particularly regarding national sovereignty. Several Latin American experts emphasize that even governments aligned with Trump’s policies may prove uncomfortable with permanent or extensive U.S. military presence, particularly in contexts where armed groups operate among civilian populations.
Mexico represents a notable exception to the trend, with President Claudia Sheinbaum resisting pressure for increased U.S. military involvement despite cooperation on security matters. Analysts question whether a more militarized approach will generate lasting security benefits, suggesting instead that such operations may force criminal groups to alter tactics rather than dismantle. Long-term concerns include the potential for civilian casualties and possible domestic backlash against governments that host U.S. forces, potentially limiting the administration’s regional support in subsequent years.
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