Research published by the National Bureau of Economic Research examined the effects of recent restrictions on using food assistance benefits to purchase soda and candy. The analysis found that soda purchases declined by approximately 12% among Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program recipients in 10 states after the bans were implemented, corresponding to roughly 34 fewer 12-ounce cans consumed per person each year.
The study’s authors projected that this reduction in soda consumption could decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 2.6% over the next decade, potentially preventing approximately 34,000 new cases in the United States. One researcher estimated the healthcare savings at approximately $1 billion annually. To date, 23 states have received federal waivers to implement restrictions on sugary beverages and other foods, though restrictions vary by state and are currently suspended in five states due to a federal court order.
However, researchers identified several limitations to the policy’s effectiveness. Data showed that SNAP recipients spent up to 39% of the money saved from not purchasing soda on other sugary drinks and fruit juices that fell outside the restrictions. Additionally, survey respondents reported that the restrictions increased their likelihood of feeling judged or disrespected when shopping.
Experts offered mixed assessments of the policy’s merit. Some noted that while the 12% reduction represents a meaningful change, it applies only to SNAP recipients, who comprise roughly 12% of the American population, limiting the broader public health impact. Others suggested that alternative approaches, such as taxes on sugary beverages, could achieve greater consumption reductions across all income groups while generating revenue without creating the stigma associated with purchasing restrictions.
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