An umbrella review published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine has consolidated evidence from 92 data syntheses examining traditional Chinese exercises for musculoskeletal conditions. The analysis drew on data from 1,744 randomized controlled clinical trials conducted by researchers at hospitals and universities in China. The review found high certainty evidence supporting the effectiveness of exercises including tai chi, qigong, baduanjin, wuqinxi, and yijinjing for various musculoskeletal health outcomes.
Musculoskeletal conditions affect more than 1.7 billion people globally and represent the leading contributor to disability worldwide, with low back pain identified as the single leading cause of disability in 160 countries. These disorders significantly restrict mobility and dexterity, contributing to early work retirement, diminished wellbeing, and reduced social participation. While previous evidence suggested potential benefits from traditional Chinese exercises, much of the research remained fragmented and inconsistent.
The review identified high certainty evidence for improving movement in knee osteoarthritis, mental health associated with neck pain and knee osteoarthritis, and sleep quality in fibromyalgia. Tai chi demonstrated particular effectiveness in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain and stiffness while increasing bone mineral density in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Optimal results occurred when participants engaged in these exercises for longer than six months, performing them at least three times weekly for a cumulative 150 minutes per week.
Researchers concluded that traditional Chinese exercises represent a safe, accessible, and cost-effective strategy capable of complementing conventional therapies and reducing reliance on pharmaceutical interventions. They recommended incorporating these exercises into clinical guidelines and rehabilitation programs worldwide. The researchers noted that given the rising global prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions driven by population growth and ageing, promoting adoption of traditional Chinese exercises in community and primary care settings could serve as a strategic public health initiative for healthy ageing and chronic disease prevention.
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