Research commissioned by a campaign group indicates that the format of Australia’s census religion question may be affecting how people report their religious affiliation. An Essential Media poll tested two different question formats with separate groups of respondents ahead of the 2026 Australian census.
When presented with the existing census format—a list of religions with “no religion” as an option—43% of respondents selected “no religion.” However, when asked a yes/no question first (“do you have a religion?”) followed by a text box for those answering affirmatively, 54% selected “no religion.” Campaign organizers contend this difference, representing approximately 2 million additional adults, demonstrates that the current census methodology understates the non-religious population.
The Census – Not Religious? Mark No Religion campaign argues that the existing question format inflates religious affiliation figures and distorts data needed for policy and funding decisions. Michael Dove, a campaign spokesperson, characterized the census as a critical tool for informing public debate and governance. The poll surveyed over 2,000 adults in each format group, with results showing religious affiliation varied by age and education level in the alternative format.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics previously considered modifying the question after the 2021 census, acknowledging feedback that the wording assumes religious affiliation. However, the bureau decided against changing it, citing concerns about data comparability with previous censuses and the difficulty of designing a question satisfying all stakeholder needs. The ABS indicated it consulted with both religious and secular organizations before reaching this decision.
The bureau has instead implemented adjustments including revised instructions, reordered response categories, and refined data processing for the upcoming census. Campaign advocates indicated they plan to continue pushing for question format changes in subsequent census cycles beyond 2026.
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