An Essential Media poll commissioned by the Census – Not Religious? Mark No Religion campaign found that the format of Australia’s census religion question may substantially undercount those without religious affiliation.
When respondents were presented with the current census format—choosing from a list that includes major religions, “no religion,” and “other”—43% selected “no religion” in the poll. However, when given a yes-or-no question first (“do you have a religion?”) followed by an optional text box, 54% indicated they had no religion. Campaign spokesperson Michael Dove characterized this difference as representing approximately 2 million additional Australian adults without religious affiliation. The 2021 census recorded about 39% of respondents selecting “no religion” using the existing format.
The campaign contends that the current census methodology overstates Australia’s religiousness and understates the nonreligious population. Dove argued that accurate census data serves as a critical foundation for policy decisions and public debate. The poll surveyed over 2,000 participants in each format condition, with additional demographic breakdowns showing lower religious affiliation among those aged 18-34 (34%) and higher affiliation among those with university education (50%) in the alternative format group.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics considered revising the question following the 2021 census after receiving feedback that the wording assumed respondents had a religion. However, the bureau ultimately rejected the change, citing concerns that modifications would compromise data comparability with previous censuses and that no single formulation could satisfy all stakeholder needs. The ABS implemented alternative measures for the 2026 census, including revised instructions, reordered response categories, and adjusted data processing protocols.
Dove indicated the campaign has shifted its focus to the 2031 census, stating that changes would not occur in time for the upcoming 2026 enumeration scheduled for 11 August.
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