Singapore’s Housing and Development Board announced plans to clear approximately 15 of 23 hectares from Maju Forest and at least 10 hectares from Gillman Forest to construct residential units, according to statements made last month. The proposals have generated significant public opposition in a nation where development decisions typically proceed with limited public contestation. Residents have mobilised through online platforms and community gatherings, with public petitions accumulating more than 60,000 signatures calling for cancellation or modification of the projects.
The forests targeted for development support diverse wildlife populations. Environmental assessments documented 113 animal species in Maju Forest and 178 in Gillman Forest, including the critically endangered straw-headed bulbul, with approximately one-third of the global population of this species residing in Singapore. The Sunda pangolin and various other fauna inhabit these areas. A 2023 study projected Singapore could clear 7,331 hectares of forest for development, an area exceeding the combined size of existing parks and nature reserves.
The debate has coincided with Singapore’s National Day observance on August 9, prompting broader reflection on development priorities. On August 23, Prime Minister Lawrence Wong announced additional plans to merge southern islands into larger landmass for industrial, energy, and defence infrastructure through reclamation processes. Conservation advocates expressed concerns regarding potential impacts on marine ecosystems and historical sites associated with the Orang Laut ethnic minority.
Government officials have defended the development necessity, citing public housing demand exceeding available supply by more than four times. A government minister noted Singapore’s geographic constraints require optimal land use strategies. The nation maintains approximately 90 percent home ownership rates through subsidised public housing programmes. Simultaneously, Singapore has pledged alongside over 130 countries to halt deforestation by 2030 under international agreements and maintains branding as a “garden city” since 1967.
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