Health authorities are initiating a targeted vaccination campaign aimed at approximately one million young people in response to growing concerns about meningitis B infections. The programme will focus on individuals identified as being at heightened immediate risk, including Year 13 pupils and those entering university or residential further education this autumn.
Meningitis is an infection affecting the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. While it can impact individuals of any age, it occurs most frequently in babies, young children, teenagers, and young adults. The condition can develop suddenly and presents various symptoms, including rash, high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, vomiting, diarrhoea, joint and muscle pain, light sensitivity, cold extremities, seizures, and confusion. Bacterial meningitis, though less common than viral meningitis, is more serious and can progress to blood poisoning or sepsis. According to official data, there were 378 cases of invasive meningococcal disease during 2024-2025. Meningococcal group B bacteria are responsible for most severe meningococcal disease cases in the UK.
The disease spreads primarily through close personal contact. Individuals can carry the bacteria in their nose or throat without becoming ill while transmitting it to others through coughing, sneezing, kissing, or sharing items such as vapes and drinks. The infection can also spread from someone actively experiencing meningitis, though this occurs less frequently. Research indicates that invasive meningococcal disease typically peaks during October and November each year.
Multiple vaccines provide protection against meningitis causes. The MenB vaccine protects against meningococcal group B bacteria and is currently recommended for infants at specific intervals. The MenACWY vaccine defends against four bacterial groups and is available to teenagers aged 14. Additional vaccines, including those for pneumococcal bacteria, also offer meningitis protection. The newly launched summer programme will provide two free vaccine doses to eligible young people. Experts recommend urgent medical attention for anyone developing meningitis or sepsis symptoms, as early treatment can be lifesaving.
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