The Gaza Strip is confronting what UN officials describe as one of the largest debris-removal operations in modern history. The UN estimates that approximately 61 million tonnes of rubble have accumulated across the territory—roughly 20 times the amount generated by all global conflicts over the preceding 18 years. Clearing this debris is projected to require between seven to 10 years and cost billions of dollars, presenting a formidable challenge for international and local organizations.
Rubble-clearance teams working in the territory face severe constraints and dangerous conditions. Workers must navigate through ruins containing unexploded ordnance and human remains while operating with limited resources. Since clearance efforts began, teams have cleared 580 kilometers of roads, enabling the movement of aid vehicles and relief personnel. However, approximately 907,000 tonnes have been removed after more than two years of work—representing only about 1.5 percent of the total volume. Restrictions imposed by Israeli authorities on equipment entering Gaza have further complicated operations, with officials citing dual-use concerns.
To address the scale of the problem, the UN Development Programme has established five rubble-crushing sites across Gaza. At these facilities, collected debris is sorted to remove metal and other non-concrete materials before being processed into smaller aggregate pieces for reuse. The operation relies on seven crushers already present in Gaza before recent events, including two that were reconstructed by local engineers over the past year. However, equipment degradation poses significant obstacles, as machinery frequently breaks down due to shortages of spare parts and maintenance resources.
The recycled rubble serves multiple purposes within the territory. Crushed concrete is used to repair roads, fill potholes, and provide base material for tents and temporary shelters. Workers acknowledge that these materials are of lower quality than conventional construction materials and present handling difficulties, yet note they represent the only viable option under current circumstances. The clearance efforts have produced tangible benefits, including improved road conditions, reduced pest populations, and enhanced safety for residents. Additionally, the removal of debris has created opportunities for economic activity, enabling residents to reopen businesses and shops in cleared areas.
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