Drought conditions have been declared across much of England and Wales following unusually dry weather patterns. Both regions recorded their driest July on record, continuing a trend of low rainfall that began in spring and early summer. The prolonged dry conditions have stressed water supplies, crops, and natural environments across the affected areas.
Approximately 30 million people in parts of England and Wales are now covered by hosepipe bans implemented by 11 water companies. Ten of these companies operate in central, southern, and eastern England, while one serves Wales. The bans prohibit the use of hosepipes for garden watering, vehicle and window washing, and pool filling. According to the Environment Agency, nearly three-quarters of England is classified as being in drought, with northern areas experiencing prolonged dry weather. Wales is entirely in drought status, as confirmed by Natural Resources Wales, which noted that sustained high temperatures are causing environmental conditions to deteriorate.
Water resources across the region show concerning trends. Almost all river flows in England and Wales were recorded as below normal, notably low, or exceptionally low in July, according to the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. A hydrologist from that organization indicated that low river flows are likely to persist into autumn. Reservoir levels in England are significantly below average for the time of year, while Welsh reservoirs are also declining, though Welsh Water reported its overall resource position as relatively strong. Groundwater levels are generally declining following the extended dry period, though approximately half of monitored sites showed normal or higher levels.
Experts attribute the situation to a combination of natural and human factors. Rising temperatures increase atmospheric moisture demand, drawing water from soil and water bodies more rapidly. The Met Office projects that the UK will experience drier summers on average as global temperatures continue to rise. Additionally, water infrastructure challenges have been identified, with companies criticized for historic underinvestment. Government and water sector plans include constructing nine new reservoirs in England by 2050, along with one currently under construction in Hampshire, and implementing measures to address water leaks and manage demand.
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