Cuba began its new school year with the reopening of more than 10,000 educational institutions across the island, welcoming approximately 1.4 million students and over 135,000 teachers. The start of classes on September 1 marked a significant undertaking for the country, which has long maintained a free and universal education system. Government officials, including President Miguel Díaz-Canel, characterized the reopening as a notable achievement despite ongoing national challenges.
The country continues to grapple with multiple crises affecting daily operations and infrastructure. Persistent shortages of fuel, electricity, and water have created widespread difficulties for schools and families alike. The previous academic year was cut short in June, ending one month earlier than usual, as conditions deteriorated across the island. Cuban officials have attributed many of these challenges to external factors, citing the U.S. oil embargo and international sanctions as contributors to the nation’s supply constraints.
Staffing remains a critical concern for the education system, with teacher shortages reaching significant levels. Coverage across the island stands at 73 percent, prompting the government to relocate more than 3,000 educators from eastern provinces to fill gaps in Havana schools. Low salaries and emigration have been identified as primary reasons for teacher vacancies. In response, officials have appealed to university students, professionals, and retirees to volunteer their expertise and assist in classrooms where needed.
Families face substantial practical obstacles in supporting their children’s education. New school uniforms have remained largely unavailable, with production meeting only 12 percent of primary-level demand due to lack of electricity, transportation fuel, and importation capacity. Schools are expected to provide limited food supplies, with some reporting only 15 days of meals available. Parents and private sector participants have been called upon to supplement school meals and provide resources. Additionally, many families struggle to afford basic school supplies and new clothing, with some purchasing uniforms and shoes for their children for the first time without government assistance.
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