Researchers analyzing dozens of renowned surf breaks across 13 world surfing reserves determined that more than three-quarters face significant threats from climate-related changes and coastal development. The study examined 57 breaks across eight countries, relying on nearly 200 local experts to assess conditions at each location.
The primary threats identified include rising sea levels, altered tide patterns, sediment movement changes linked to shifting rainfall, and hardened shorelines from infrastructure like seawalls and jetties. These factors disrupt the precise oceanographic conditions required for quality waves. Notable breaks at risk include Croyde beach in Devon, point breaks at Noosa in Australia and Oriente Salvaje in El Salvador, and various Santa Cruz reefs in California. Researchers noted that breaks located in more natural coastal settings demonstrate greater resilience and ability to adapt by shifting inland and relocating sediments compared to developed areas.
Beyond recreational impacts, the research highlights economic implications for communities dependent on surf tourism. Santa Cruz generates approximately $200 million annually from surfing-related activities, while El Salvador’s eastern region economy relies heavily on its point break waves. Several regions have begun implementing protective measures, including Gold Coast’s inclusion of surf protection in planning law, New Zealand’s designation of breaks with national significance, and Peru’s law specifically protecting listed surf breaks.
Researchers emphasize that local surfers possess valuable knowledge about how their waves are changing and advocate for broader community engagement in wave protection efforts. The study concludes that climate change and coastal management decisions pose significant risks to the viability of globally significant surf breaks and the distinct local communities and cultures they support. Thousands of additional surf breaks worldwide face similar climate-related peril beyond those formally studied.
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