
A report by the thinktank Theos examined attitudes toward Christianity and Britishness among British adults, identifying five distinct groups based on their religious affiliations and national identity views.
The researchers termed the group most closely aligned with Christian nationalism “identity integrationists,” representing 11% of survey respondents. While 81% of this group identified as Christian, only 13% attended church weekly—slightly above the 11% population average. Additionally, 31% prayed weekly and 47% expressed interest in the Bible. This group demonstrated strong opposition to immigration and Islam, with only 19% agreeing that Christian values require welcoming asylum seekers and just 30% supporting equal treatment of religions in public life.
A contrasting group labeled “belief integrationists” comprised 13% of respondents and showed higher levels of religious practice. Among them, 31% attended church weekly, 46% prayed weekly, and 62% expressed Bible interest. Nearly half (48%) agreed that Christian values demand supporting asylum seekers, while 63% supported equal religious treatment in public life. Notably, only 18% of this more observant group considered defending Britain’s Christian culture important to their faith, compared with 90% of the nationalist-identified group.
The survey of 1,765 adults conducted in April 2026 revealed additional findings: 55% of respondents expressed unhappiness at a local church becoming a mosque, and 37% agreed with the “great replacement” conspiracy theory regarding European demographics. Church leaders and theologians interviewed for the report distinguished between Christianity as cultural identity and as embodied religious practice. They emphasized that active participation—such as weekly worship and community engagement—correlates with more inclusive attitudes toward immigration and religious diversity, suggesting that Christian nationalism reflects identity concerns rather than genuine religious revival in Britain.
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