An Essential Media poll has found that the format of Australia’s census religion question may be affecting how people report their religious affiliation. When respondents were presented with the existing census format—a list including common religions, “no religion,” and “other”—43% selected “no religion.” However, when the same respondents were given a yes/no option followed by a text box, 54% indicated they had no religion, a difference representing approximately 2 million additional adults.
The poll was commissioned by the Census – Not Religious? Mark No Religion campaign, which contends that the current Australian Bureau of Statistics question format overstates religiousness while understating the non-religious population. Campaign spokesperson Michael Dove characterized accurate census data as essential for informing policy and funding decisions. The campaign referenced additional surveys suggesting the non-religious cohort is larger than the 39% figure from the 2021 census.
The religion question has generated ongoing debate in Australia. Previous census campaigns saw over 70,000 Australians declare themselves Jedi Knights, while members of various other groups have reportedly used the “no religion” option despite potentially identifying with other traditions. According to ABS data, Christianity has experienced steady decline over several decades but remained the most common religion at the last census, with 43.9% of respondents selecting it compared to 38.9% choosing “no religion.”
Following the 2021 census, the ABS considered modifying the question after receiving feedback that its wording assumes respondents have a religion. The bureau ultimately rejected changes, citing concerns about data comparability with previous censuses and the challenge of designing a question meeting the range of identified needs. For the 2026 census, the ABS has made modifications including reordering categories and updating instructions. Dove indicated the campaign would focus its efforts on the 2031 census instead.
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