Scientists at Edith Cowan University have identified magnetite, an abundant mineral in Western Australia’s iron ore deposits, as a potential source of naturally occurring hydrogen gas. The mineral can release hydrogen when reacting with hot water under conditions similar to those found deep beneath the Earth’s surface, according to findings from the university’s School of Engineering.
The research team conducted experiments by placing magnetite samples in water at high temperature and pressure for an extended period to simulate the underground environment. The results provided insight into how hydrogen might form naturally within rock formations and the conditions required for sustained production. The researchers also developed a method to enhance hydrogen generation by injecting a solution into banded iron formations, suggesting that naturally produced hydrogen could potentially be deliberately stimulated underground in the future.
Western Australia’s geology makes the discovery particularly significant, as the region contains some of the world’s largest banded iron formations. According to the study’s lead author, unlocking this resource at scale could have transformative implications for the nation’s energy future and potentially strengthen energy independence during periods of crisis.
The study found that hydrogen production is determined by multiple factors beyond the amount of magnetite present. The structure of the rock plays a critical role, particularly regarding how easily water can move through it and access fresh mineral surfaces. Fractures, pores, and other permeable pathways in the rock emerge as key elements in determining whether natural hydrogen can be generated efficiently enough to become a viable energy resource.
The research bridges laboratory findings with real geological systems and has been published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. The work suggests potential for Australia to develop a domestic energy source and, if scaled appropriately, establish a significant hydrogen export industry.
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