Researchers have conducted a genetic analysis of Jonathan, the world’s oldest living land animal, a giant tortoise residing at Plantation House in Saint Helena. At 194 years old, Jonathan is believed to have lived during the same era as Queen Victoria and Charles Darwin.
The international research team, led by Benjamin Vaisvil and including Stephen Clark from the Kallel Foundation, examined Jonathan’s DNA to identify genetic variants associated with aging processes. The analysis revealed multiple genetic variants across biological pathways known to support longevity, including mechanisms for DNA repair, metabolic regulation, and cancer resistance. The findings were published in Science Advances.
Of particular interest to the researchers were chemical markers called methyl groups attached to Jonathan’s genes that appear to maintain optimal mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are cellular structures responsible for energy production, and deteriorating mitochondrial health has been linked to aging and age-related diseases. When the team compared methylation patterns on Jonathan’s genes with those from other giant tortoises, they found that patterns associated with mitochondrial function resembled those of much younger animals, despite his advanced age.
Clark emphasized the significance of these findings for understanding longevity mechanisms. He noted that the team must now validate the discovery and explore potential applications, such as testing whether mitochondrial function can be restored or replaced to extend lifespan.
Jonathan’s caretaker since 2009, former senior veterinary officer Joe Hollis, has overseen significant improvements in the tortoise’s health through specialized care, including hand-feeding and medical attention. More recently, Jonathan was the subject of a false death report circulated on social media, which was quickly debunked by Saint Helena’s governor. Jonathan remains active and was observed mating in recent months.
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