In the waters off Singapore, a recently uncovered a shipwreck with a huge cargo of blue-and-white porcelain is shedding light on the storied Chinese craft produced during the turbulent era of the Mongol Empire.The roughly 650-year-old ship, which was likely sailing from China to Temasek, a historic settlement on the site of modern-day Singapore, contained a record haul of Yuan Dynasty porcelain, according to the paper that detailed its discovery.It took Michael Flecker, the marine archaeologist who led the investigation, and his team four years to sift through the site of the 14th century wreck and recover the remnants of the ship’s cargo.AdvertisementAdvertisementThe researchers found roughly 3.5 metric tons of ceramic shards, about 136 kilograms (about 300 pounds) of which was Yuan porcelain – that distinctive blue-and-white, intricately patterned ceramic, as well as several intact or nearly intact porcelain pieces.Archaeologists discovered about 136 kilograms (about 300 pounds) of Yuan Dynasty porcelain shards, along with several intact or nearly intact porcelain pieces, at the wreck. – Michael Flecker/Science DirectAlthough the wreck site was shallow, the researchers battled “strong currents and associated shocking visibility,” meaning they could only dive about once every four weeks, Flecker told CNN.“Even then, we were occasionally sent tumbling along the seabed or groping our way back to the diver down-line in darkness,” added Flecker, a senior archaeologist at Heritage SG, a subsidiary of the Singapore National Heritage Board.In such conditions, the vessel itself mostly disintegrated, though Flecker suspects it was likely a Chinese junk, a type of sailing ship widely used in the early Middle Ages.AdvertisementAdvertisementScant artifacts survived those conditions, and almost all the porcelain recovered from the site consisted of shards. Still, enough intact objects survived to identify the telltale designs.One features a four-clawed dragon; another depicts a phoenix surrounded by a band of chrysanthemums.The recurrence of one particularly popular design – mandarin ducks in a lotus pond – even allowed Flecker to date the shipwreck.That design was the signature motif of Emperor Wenzong, who restricted it for his personal use during his reign from 1328 to 1332, according to the study. Those restrictions likely ended once he was deposed, meaning that commercial kilns produced many more ceramics featuring this motif, much of which was exported, Flecker said.The ship itself had mostly disintegrated, but researchers recovered the remains of its huge ceramics cargo. – Michael Flecker/Science DirectThe imperial kilns were likely shut down about 20 years later, following the invasion of the Red Turbans, a peasant rebellion movement, narrowing the window in which this ship could have sunk.AdvertisementAdvertisementEven if s …
